Domestic Violence Predicting and Solutions

Discussion Many societies have been reporting great increase in domestic violence, and it is obvious that women and children experience this domestic violence more than men.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Domestic Violence: Predicting and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Domestic violence has severe effect on societies, families, and individuals themselves and it includes possession abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse and people who mostly experience this kind of violence have higher possibility to be alleged as critical and dangerous to people victimized. Domestic violence may abandoned them with the feeling of defenselessness, vulnerability, and in most severe instances, fear and this violence within the families include violence carried out by spouses and close family members (Wormer and Roberts 12). Physical abuse can be described as any conduct which engages damage, p ain and harm and this abuse includes using any item to strike, slap, kick, push, drown, force somebody to swallow something, apply weapon, and other abuse approaches (Hines and Malley-Morrison 35). This physical abuse may also include some traditional beliefs such as inheritance of wives and female genital mutilation, and these traditional approaches are commonly seen in African societies. Physiological abuse can be any conduct by the partner which is designed to threaten and hound, and serves as a kind of threat of rejection or abuse, supervision, imprisonment of your partner, intimidation to carry away custody of the kids, demolition of items, separation, verbal violence and frequent embarrassment. Economic abuse is a type of abuse which is commonly experienced in most families and includes activities like limitation of finances, denial to support financially, refusing to provide basic needs, and restricting access to medical facilities, job, and so forth (Hines and Malley-Morriso n 35).Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Predicting Domestic Violence There are several factors which predict the state of domestic violence in the future and this will help in preventing domestic violence. History of aggressive behavior is an effective way to predict future activities of people in their families. Joblessness among men in the society would lead to high risk of future violence or if a partner is employed or has higher rank than the other partner. Lower education status is also linked with future or current domestic violence in several families. Some children have been witnessing or experiencing abuse from their family members and this triggers severe violence in the future. A partner may be experiencing mental illness which is unnoticeable and age difference between the partners may result in domestic violence. Moreover, couples who are still under 30 years of age have higher risk of engaging in domestic violence. State laws Several states in United States have different laws governing domestic violence. Some states consider domestic violence as offensive acts while others are not. States differ on the type of relationship that qualifies under domestic violence laws. Many states in America include present or previous dating relationships in their laws of domestic violence, where states such as South Carolina, Montana, and Delaware particularly keep out same-sex associations in their laws governing domestic violence (Itzin, Taket and Barter-Godfrey 10). The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) was implemented as a law which is intended to improve services for the accused and the victim (Zamara). It has also helped in allocating funds for numerous groups and projects, including clothing and other services, to affected women. It offers judicial education, training plans, and other projects which raise outreach to poor families. Section 609. 2242 of Minnesota’s law states that domestic violence is a criminal act and explains that a person is considered to have committed family violence if he or she has caused another to fear, inflicting or intention to inflict, cause death or injury, and other offenses. Sentences are raised if the accused has been found guilty more than one occasion (Zamara). Domestic Violence Prevention Act of new York State provides an all-inclusive connection of services for causalities of this family violence (Zamara). This law needs social service zones to provide immediate shelter and other services, including counseling, appointments, and support for the victims. Family Code of California contains sections which are used to protect the victims of this violence and provides clear explanations of the responsibilities of law enforcement teams. Solutions One of the first recommended approaches in every society is to increase understanding of the issue. Since if members are not aware about dome stic violence and its impacts, they will not have any effort to solve the issue or communicate the unacceptability of the abuse. Increasing awareness permits people to have different opinion concerning the issue and to be responsible in solving the problem.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Domestic Violence: Predicting and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Awareness is the initial stage and the next step is assisting the families or partners who need it. The support may come from established or traditional services, along with new plans created by occupants themselves. Society members, who have experienced this violence, provide help to those who are undergoing domestic violence. The most complex and desired way to solve this issue in the future is through eliminating poverty and engaging community members in transforming those situations, which trigger domestic violence in the future. Efforts to so lve domestic offenses are not simple as it removal needs change in the state of the community and until members of the family create a sense of politeness and respect for the rest of the family members (Ahmed 13). Through appreciating the value of each member of the family, violence can be reduced or stopped and this will prevents the weaker members of the family or the society from becoming the victims of this violence. Intervention programs have been considered as an effective and legal tool in the control of domestic violence and if an intervention order is provided, it must go together with information concerning the accessibility of counseling. When one member breaks the participation rule, counseling must be mandatory, as well as any disciplinary approvals. Equal legislation and support from every state permits an order presented in any state to be applicable and enforceable in other states irrespective of the jurisdiction responsible for the presentation of that order. It is at times proposed that the important way to solve domestic violence lies in the equality of females and especially in making sure that every woman is economically self-governing and thus strong. Family violence harms its victims and humiliates its perpetrator and if the offender looks for assistance to manage his conduct, support must be accessible. However, this must be offered with, and not as substitute, proper penalty for the offense. Community should identify the unlawful state of the domestic violence and agree on the suitable disciplinary approvals to it.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Domestic violence against women and children exist in every state and country, across all cultures and societies, status, wealth, age, schooling, and ethnicity (Lazarus-Blac 139). Although several communities forbid violence against children and women, the truth is that infringements against human rights of women are covered by cultural activities and beliefs, or through misunderstanding of spiritual principles. Furthermore, when the infringement happens within the family, since it is usually the case, the violation is successfully disregarded by the understood silence and the obedience portrayed by the state and the rule of law. Counseling should be applied to help people affected by domestic violence to overpower the stress. Works Cited Ahmed, Basheer. Domestic Violence Cross Cultural Perspective. New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2009. Print. Hines, Denise and Kathleen Malley-Morrison. Family Violence In The United States: Defining, Understanding, And Combating Abuse. Lon don: SAGE, 2005. Print. Itzin, Catherine, Ann Taket and Sarah Barter-Godfrey. Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse: Tackling the Health and Mental Health Effects. New York: Taylor Francis, 2010. Print. Lazarus-Blac, Mindie. Everyday harm: domestic violence, court rites, and cultures of reconciliation. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2007. Print. Wormer, Katherine and Albert Roberts. Death by domestic violence: preventing the murders and murder-suicides. Westport CT: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Print. Zamara, Eve. â€Å"Sample National Domestic Violence Laws.† 14 Jan. 2003. Web. http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/svaw/domestic/laws/samplelaws.htm. This term paper on Domestic Violence: Predicting and Solutions was written and submitted by user Edd1eLau to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Documentary films

Documentary films Free Online Research Papers A documentary film is a broad category of filmmaking practice that tries to document reality. It is a film genre that attempts to portray realism in the sense that it presents ‘actual’ people, places, activities and events. The fact that it documents ‘actual’ means that documentary films deal with fact and not fiction. A documentary film primarily ‘documents’ some aspect of life and usually involves narration, interviews, and facts and figures. This is in contrast to narrative (fictional) cinema comprising film genre such as action, comedy, adventure, horror, drama etc which creates the events, phenomenon, human behavior or conditions utilizing scripts. Encyclopedia Britannica defines a documentary as a ‘motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment’. Documentary films are by nature not scripted, even though the scenes are selected and arranged through after-shoot editing. The ‘cast’ in a documentary film are not actors. These films may or may not have voice-over narration, depending on whether there is a need to describe what is happening in the film. A documentary will also include interviews with the people in the film. Another tenet is that a documentary must be objective and should not have a point of view although critics now argue that all forms of exposition do have a point of view. There is also no place for reenactments in a documentary film. The word ‘documentary’ was first coined in 1926 when documentarian John Grierson reviewed Robert Flaherty’s film ‘Moana’ and wrote that it had ‘documentary value’. Griersons view of documentary was that it provided a new way of observing life by way of casting ‘original’ actors and ‘original’ scenes vis-a-vis fictional films and considered that materials taken from the raw ‘actual’ footage were better than the acted ones. Grierson’s definition of documentary as a ‘creative treatment of actuality’ has generally formed the basis of depicting documentary films. In a nutshell, we can describe a documentary film as one that attempts to tell the truth realistically, by presenting factual evidence in its originality, with no reenactments and in an objective manner. Documentary films comprise a broad and diverse category of films. These include biographical films, expose films, a concert or rock festival, live performances, sports documentary, compilation films and ‘making of’ films of feature films. Documentary filmmaking has evolved over the decades. Early films such as Robert Flaherty’s Nanook of the North, used cumbersome equipment to produce rather imperfect images while today’s digital technology allows filmmakers to capture instant perfect images that objectively reveal the truth about subjects who may not be aware that they are being filmed. The cinema verite (literal French translation of ‘cinema truth’) or direct cinema (as it is known in the US) approach was the mode of documentary filmmaking in the late 1950s and 1960s. It took advantage of technological advances by using hand-held cameras and synchronized sound to capture their subjects and record events as they happened. It is a style of documentary filmmaking where there is no narration, and the filmmaker follows the happenings, shows authentic dialogues, natural action and minimum of rearrangements. It used the least directive approach to collecting film footage. The whole idea was to make the camera less of an intruder and allow the subject to behave more normally, though it must be borne in mind that the subject is aware of the recording. But really, the notion of documentary films has evolved since its inception to take many controversial facets. In the past 20 years, in particular, the nature of documentary films has extended upon the cinema verite or direct cinema tradition of the 1960s. Films incorporating reenactments as in The Thin Blue Line by Errol Morris and directorial manipulation by Michael Moore in Roger and Me has led critics to question whether they are truly documentaries although they are classified as one. The point of view has also become increasingly visible in documentaries as in Michael Moore’s controversial Fahrenheit 9/11. Don’t Look Back is a 1967 black and white documentary which covered Bob Dylan’s concert tour of England in April –May 1965. The subject is the man behind the music, one who was to become the father of modern folk rock. The film shows viewers a glimpse of Dylan, who has been labelled as an anarchist, poet, folk singer, and other names. It educates viewers as to the philosophy of Dylan, why he writes the songs the way he does, how he views the world. It also shows how his friends, colleagues, and even fans expose his personality. The author (auteur in French) of this acclaimed film was D. A. Pennebaker, who used his creative personal vision to direct and shoot the film in cinema verite style. Pennebaker had said that ‘nothing was staged or arranged for the purposes of the film’. It played out in hotel rooms, limousines, backstage rooms and concert halls. The film explored Dylan through public media interviews and concert footage, and private exchanges with his entourage. At the time of its production, Don’t Look Back was the first of its kind, an in-the-moment documentary rather than a constructed one. It was a ‘fly on the wall’ genre, a major tenet of cinema verite or direct cinema, utilizing hand-held camera, long takes, no lighting equipment, shaky camerawork and occasional loss of focus, thereby displaying authenticity and bringing to the viewer a picture of reality. This is especially so, as throughout the film, we see the camera frantically following the events as they happen. Some scenes show how the camera needs to refocus on an object of interest, be it Dylan, his manager Albert Grossman, Joan Baez or an adoring fan inviting him for a holiday. While other music films of the 1960s which dealt with fantasy have become irrelevant, Don’t Look Back still retains its sense of relevance into its fifth decade as it is considered to depict the most objective portrait of Bob Dylan ever made. The objective of the film, as with all documentaries, is to show truth. It is a raw presentation of press conferences and interviews, business negotiations, backstage and hotel room happenings. There was no narrator involved and no script. As Chris Buck said, ‘Shoot and discover the story within’. It filmed only what happened as it happened, reflecting objective truth. Pennebaker, the author himself remarked, ‘My first serious film†¦I felt in the end that I hadn’t had to compromise anything, that it was as rough and raw and mean as it had to be’. Essentially, Pennebaker and his camera followed Dylan across his tour of England to get the raw footage. Don’t Look Back is not a rock documentary. It is also not a concert documentary as there were only a few live numbers and more than half the film focused on the person. It is really an expose of a personality of the day. It is a portrayal of Dylan as an arrogant, intriguing person. Don’t Look Back captures the moment with spontaneity, in true cinema verite fashion. As Mark Nichols said, ‘Instead the camera acts solely as a fly on the wall and for 96 minutes the viewer watches Dylan’s ongoing evolution as performer and personality’. It is quite a revealing take on the mind of Dylan, to educate people about Dylan. It shows him being confrontational and direct and openly critical and aggressive. It justifiably laid claims to bringing to audiences a raw picture of reality backed by the style of filming by Pennebaker. It was an exploratory form of documentary with no script, just shoot and see the story as you see it. This is evident for instance in the relationship between Dylan and Joan Baez. With no text or commentary, their relationship is shown but not told. Hence, the viewer has to deduce the significance of Baez’s disappearance half way through the film that there was a strain in their relationship. While the highlights of the documentary were indeed the many press conferences and interviews, Pennebaker’s film shows the true self of Dylan – an angry, awkward, sarcastic, and confrontational man as when he asks, ‘Who threw the glass in the street? Who threw it?’ and his relentless heaping of scorn on the journalists. When a female reporter asked,’What is your real message?, Dylan responded awkwardly, ‘Keep a good head and always carry a light bulb’. That Don’t Look Back is a true documentary is attested to in this remark made by Michael Rowin, ‘Part of what makes Don’t Look Back so incredible is that it might be the first public record of a celebrity openly, and with full knowledge of how his behavior might be perceived, acting like a complete jerk even when a camera is right there documenting his every movement for the world’. This was the first time ever the cinema verite or direct cinema technique was employed to project a raw, revealing insight into a well-known musician’s mindset and backstage at that. As Michael Rowan put it, ‘†¦ Don’t Look Back remains the first and only essential one for keeping Dylan in its sights with an almost obsessive intensity and letting the man perform the truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. But one can also question whether it is a documentary in the truest sense of the word. In a span of three-and-a-half weeks during Dylan’s concert tour of England, Pennebaker shot some 20 hours of film. But after editing, the ready for viewing footage was reduced to just 96 minutes. Also, virtually absent are the standard documentary rules of archival or interview footage. It appears as though Pennebaker was an unobtrusive observer, impartial and outside the happenings through the notion of ‘fly on the wall’, which has been considered as an ideal in documentary filmmaking. This was in keeping with the cinema verite goal of excluding the filmmaker from the film, the idea being that ‘the intrusions of the direct would detract from the reality of the subject’. However, some critics are of the view that impartial observation while filming is not achievable. Hence questions have been raised as to whether the mere presence of the filmaker will still make it possible to get a true picture of reality. Some are of the view that his presence means he cannot be an objective observer which is a key tenet of a documentary being perceived as an accurate portrayal of events. As Chris Buck says, â€Å"You have a set of values of ‘looking glasses’ the moment you interact with a subject and the selection of a subject is value laden†. But then there have been documentaries made, such as the Paul Anka biography, Lonely Boy (1962) where the film footage included Anka interacting with the filmmakers, which was acceptable to another school of thought as being part of the reality of filmmaking process. The direct cinema philosophy by which Don’t Look Back was produced drew plenty of flak. Critics Andrew Sarris and Pauline Kael touched on the notion of objectivity, specifically citing the performative elements of the film, the influence of the camera on the actions of the subjects and the impact of editing, montage and shooting decisions. Sarris viewed the film as contrived documentary. Although direct cinema professes objectivity, Don’t Look Back was edited and structured and combined an observational approach with a personal perspective and biased editing. Documentary directors select the shots they feel will tell the story, edit those that are not needed and build an entire film on his personal bias. Through editing, the director can latch on a single aspect such as frustration on the part of the subject and proceed to show how the subject behaves or acts in such a way. For instance, Pennebaker wanted to show Dylan’s frustrations about how he is protrayed in the news. He included Dylan’s encounter with the Time reporter and also showed how he questions the interpretation of the other journalists regarding his music and performance. For the most part, the Time reporter’s comments are omitted while Dylan’s is retained, ending with Dylan saying, ‘I know more about what you do, and you don’t have to ask me how or why or anything, just by looking, than you’ll ever know about me, ever’. Hence, we can argue that there is a presence of bias as in narrative cinema. The selection of content elements reflects the director’s personal choices, philosophy, logic and reasoning. As the author, the actual content will be determined by him. Also, if we analyze the infamous opening sequence showing Dylan displaying the cue cards as the song ‘Subterranean Homesick Blues’ is played, with poet Allen Ginsberg lurking in the background, we can interpret this as staged and constructed with both of them clearly ‘acting’ the part. If we consider this as a ‘posed’ shot, we can question its true documentary status although the rest of the film can indeed pass off as a documentary. We can say that Don’t Look Back extended the category of documentary films to music and MTV videos as we know today. The opening simple sequence showing Dylan discarding a series of cue cards with phrases of some of the lyrics of the song , ‘Subterranean Homesick Blues’ as though trying to put the message across, is certainly an early reflection of the more sophisticated music videos we see today of the sound, image and the performer synchronized. This is one of the most imitated sequences in the history of rock/music documentary. Although it was not intended to be broadcast as a music video, Subterranean Homesick Blues’ can be seen on MTV today as a video of a single album from Don’t Look Back. The opening sequence in Don’t Look Back and Pennebaker’s point-and-shoot handheld direction set the standard for future music documentaries to follow. All said, Don’t Look Back is an excellent documentary which has allowed us a peek into the life of Bob Dylan. Through it, we understand the motivation, frustrations and aspirations of Dylan. While he is aware of the filming and that viewers would be peeking into his life, he allows it. It also gives us a degree of comfort that Dylan does not know who we are, or why we are even interested in knowing what he thinks or does. (2366 words) Research Papers on Documentary filmsWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Spring and AutumnBringing Democracy to Africa

Apple case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple case study - Essay Example Part 1. External Analysis The business environment for Apple Incorporated has become so challenging considering that there are important components in it that needs to be understood in detail. PESTEL Analysis In every business environment, government is an essential component for a successful business implementation. Porter believed that the government has important role to play when it comes to the establishment of a harmonious business environment for every business or industry. Thus, there is no wonder why political consideration has always been an important concern in every business situation. In the case of Apple Incorporated, it is crucial with its business to maintain its identity and this is done through intellectual property management for the designs of its product offerings. In line with this, the government always has political power to include in its policy and procedure for handling business situations. It is also in line with this that there is a higher level of associ ation involved with legal concerns. The legality is necessary because it is through this that a business or organisation can successfully implement the right strategy and procedure. The economic recession in the United States which has affected the entire world economy has also created a chain impact on Apple Incorporated’s financial performance. ... In the case of marketing activity, people are socially aware that it is a matter of idea that can substantially influence their buying power. In line with this, Apple Incorporated considers the most important idea that can create social impacts. The cutting-edge technology of Apple Incorporated can substantially compete with the ongoing trend. This is due to the fact that advancement of technology has become tantamount to the level of progress in everywhere. The corporate social responsibility is one of the latest trends in business. This is due to the fact that there is a need to consider the environment. In fact, businesses are highly influenced by the fact that there is a need to be environmentally concerned and not just purely on making profits. Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s five forces model can substantially explain how competitive rivalry between Apple Incorporated and other manufacturing companies in its industry is formed. Samsung, Nokia and other rivals of App le Incorporated have substantially created specific strategic moves in the market. Considering that these companies are also good at creating demand for their product offerings. Apple Incorporated has been faced by issues concerning the design of its offerings. These companies have essentially copied in detail what Apple has viewed to be remarkably important for its customers. These companies have learned the information that customers are looking forward not only on brand quality but reliability issues and utility issues. Thus, customers have strong market power because of increasing models of product offerings. Competition has become so intense which resulted to Apple’s highly differentiated strategy of stimulating needs for

Santanville and its Five Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 94

Santanville and its Five Issues - Case Study Example On the other hand, the employees do not trust their supervisor with the evaluation process since they feel that he favors some individuals. The employees also believe that their jobs have evolved thus they are advocating the organization to upgrade their jobs. Another issue from the case study is how the supervisor treats the Union Workers. He grants permission to other employees to attend some chores, but denies an employee who wanted to attend to a family issue; to attend the daughter’s play. The action has prompted the Union steward to request a meeting with Santa. There is also a problem with the toy designer who is threatening resignation if the company does not offer him pay increment. The Sales Manager is pointing at the abandonment of the company's base salary with minimum discretionary bonus and focus on incentive-based payment approach to the sales staff. The Manager is having difficulties in retaining or recruiting candidates with the inadequate payment plan. Lack of payment incentive is, therefore, the reason as to why many employees are leaving after a short period (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). There is also a problem with underpayment of workers. For instance, the North Pole and South Pole salary ranges are different. The employees suspect that company is not adhering to the National Labor Salary Range Act Book. Before deciding on the compensation plan, the company should consider the implication of poor remuneration to the company’s performance (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). Better still, Santa can avoid the secretary's demands by implementing a new compensation policy that will ensure that employees receive more insurance benefits. However, before arriving at the decision, it is imperative to consider implications on the company's competitive advantage. If an increment on employee overtime can convince them to stay, then it will be best to implement it since replacing talents is always difficult. About job evaluation, the supervisor should use  performance-based evaluation strategy rather than depend on the ranks of employees (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011).

PepsiCo’s Restaurants Essay

In the case study, PepsiCo is considering in Carts of Colorado and/or California Pizza Kitchen. Senior Management is faced with the question of whether the necessary capital investment in order to purchase one or both of the businesses can be profitable for each of the acquired businesses, but must also take into consideration that the additional business units will not hinder the profitability PepsiCo itself. Would investing in other companies be the best way to expand PepsiCo? This question is important because it could affect the success of the company. By investing in a company PepsiCo started from Pepsi-Cola and then moved into a more diversified business with mainly soft drinks, snack foods and restaurants. In early 1990s, PepsiCo’s restaurant business is composed of Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and KFC, all of them are business leaders in their segment. 1By investing in C1a1r1t1s1 1o1f1 1C1o1l1o1r1a1d1o1, it1 1w1o1u1l1d1 1e1n1a1b1l1e1 1P1e1p1s1i1C1o1 1t1o1 1e1n1t1e1r1 1n1e1w1 1m1a1r1k1e1t1 1a1n1d1 1n1e1w1 1c1u1s1t1o1m1e1r1s1 1a1n1d1 1h1e1l1p1 1t1o1 1a1c1c1e1l1e1r1a1t1e1 1t1h1e1 1s1a1l1e1s1 1g1r1o1w1t1h1 1b1e1s1i1d1e1s1 1o1f1 1o1r1g1a1n1i1c1 1g1r1o1w1t1h. The Cart of Colorado’s (COC) industry is subject to strict government regulations and the uncertain demand for carts and kiosks, so the attractiveness to enter this industry is between low and medium. COC had succeeded in purchasing their largest competitor that generated sales of $2.5 million in 1990, which gives them potential to grow in the manufacturing and merchandising of mobile food carts and kiosks industry. PepsiCo will gain competitive advantage for its link with COC because it will be able to customize the carts and kiosk for its fast food chain; it is more aligned with PepsiCo’s current strategies of quick service. However, the tradeoff will be PepsiCo may focus on too many different strategies and product markets. Focusing on the same customer targets can minimize this tradeoff. It will be an advantage for PepsiCo should go and form a strategic alliance with COC. PepsiCo can use the carts to expand their KFC, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut businesses. In my opinion, I think it would be in PepsiCo’s best interest to invest in the two companies because in this case they are both successful and would help boost PepsiCo sales.

Hiroshima Cause and Effect Essay

Alexa Gombert English-Kiernan 10/28/12 Period 1 On August 6, 1945, America was responsible for the death of over 100,000 innocent souls. On this day, an American aircraft dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. This was the first atomic bomb ever used in the history of warfare. In the non-fiction book Hiroshima by John Hersey, first hand six survivors of this horrific event describe accounts of the bombing and its effects in vivid detail.The atomic bomb affected civilians of Hiroshima and the city’s environment in that people began acting irrationally, suffered from injuries and deaths, and it led to erratic environmental occurrences. The atomic bomb affected civilians of Hiroshima in that they began acting irrationally in the hours after the explosion. This irrational behavior can be seen through the actions of Mr. Fukai and Mrs. Kamai. Mr. Fukai was a secretary of the diocese who lived in a mission house with many priests and religious men.When the bomb went off, all of the survivors from the mission house abandoned the pile of rubble that was once their home, and set out for their designated safe area. Father Kleinsorge went to get Mr. Fukai, but irrationally Mr. Fukai refused to leave and said, â€Å"Leave me here to die† (44). Mr. Fukai foolishly said he wanted to die in the burning city. He wasn’t in the right state of mind and therefore was unable to a reasonable decision. Mrs. Kamai, who was found cradling her dead baby, exhibits another example of irrational behavior as a result of the atomic bomb. Hersey relays Mr.Tanimoto’s odd account when he wrote, â€Å"She was crouching on the ground with the body of her infant daughter in her arms. The baby had evidently been dead all day† (60). Holding the dead corpse for four days, Mr. Tanimoto ‘tried to cremate the baby, but Mrs. Kamai only held it tighter’ (81). During this time Mrs. Kamai was unstable and unable to make rational decisions becau se she was in shock as a result of the bombing and the chaos that came with it. Through her desperation to keep her dead baby, Mrs. Kamai demonstrates how the inhuman bombing of Hiroshima led to irrational ehavior. While some Japanese citizens were affected psychologically, others were affected physically. Civilians of Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bomb in that they suffered from severe injuries and burns. Being that this was the first atomic bomb ever used, its physical impact on people was uncertain. However, Father Kleinsorge and Mr. Tanimoto were able to witness the bomb’s physical impact when they were trying to assist the weak and feeble. While on a walk, Father Kleinsorge came across a number of desperate and wounded military men.He described them as â€Å"all in the same nightmarish state: their faces were wholly burned, their eye sockets were hollow, the fluid from their melted eyes had run down their cheeks† (73). Father Kleinsorge’s descriptio n portrays the severity of people’s injuries as a result of the bomb. The immense heat that radiated from the bomb caused these soldiers’ eyes to melt and faces to burn. Another physical effect of the bombing on Hiroshima is portrayed by Mr. Tanimoto. Mr. Tanimoto was trying to assist critically injured victims when he experienced a gruesome event.The bombs affect was apparent when Mr. Tanimoto ‘reached down and took a women by the hands, but her skin slipped off in huge, glove-like pieces’ (65). Mr. Tanimoto was taken back when he pulled off the skin, which indicates that the injuries caused by the bomb were fatal and agonizing. The heat from the bomb caused this victims skin to burn and come off with excruciating pain. However, the bomb didn’t effect just people. When the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima it resulted in an erratic reaction by the environment.Father Kleinsorge noticed these odd environmental patterns while on a walk he noted, â€Å"th rough the wreckage of the city†¦was a blanket of fresh, vivid, lush, optimistic green† (93-94) The town was in ruins, however, now there were flowers blossoming everywhere over the ruble and ashes. The bomb’s purpose was to wipe out all living things, but ironically it unintendedally catalyzed the sporadic growth of flowers and plants. On August 6, 1945 the first ever atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. It’s power and abilities were unknown being that it was the first of ts kind. In the book Hiroshima, the bombs affects were seen through the eyes of its survivors. The bomb affected Hiroshima’s citizens in that they exhibited absurd and illogical actions. The environment was also affected in that the bomb triggered natural events that were very uncommon. The inhumane nature of the atomic bomb proves that humans will do anything to get their way despite the consequences. Their desire for power will never change and their methods of warfare are only going to get more and more deadly.

Blood Pressure Measurement Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1566 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? To learn about external means to measure blood pressure, observe features of venous circulation, and observe the effects of exercise on blood pressure and heart rate and practice using mercury sphygmomanometer and check the BP within 2 minutes. To compare yours resting BP with different apparatus. Methods: All you need to perform a blood pressure measurement is a cuff and a device (stethoscope or microphone) to detect the sound of the pulse in the artery. While the subject is in a sitting posture, have him/her alternate 6 seconds of deep inhalation followed by 6 seconds of deep exhalation, for one minute. Instrument: 1. Sphygmomanometer (A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable bag inside a covering called a cuff, an inflating bulb, a manometer from which blood pressure can be read, and a valve that is used for deflation.) 2. Stethoscope 3. Chair 4. Table or other surface to support arm 5. 40ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Water for foot-bathing and keeping this degree for 3 min. 6. 600ml Water for drinking To observe the effect of the following factors on BP: The First one, we are measured left arm and right arm the blood pressure by the partner. The second one, we are measured the postural BP each a minute when 6 minutes are finished. We are measured three different actions. The zero minute, we are measured the baseline. The first minute, we are measured standing. The second, third, and fourth minutes, we are measured lay. The fifth and sixth minutes, we are measured standing again. The third one, we are measured the different BP test which are drank 600ml water fast, walked 5mins stairs, kept 40ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ water for foot-bathing for 3mins, sat quietly. This four measurement are measured the blood pressure which is the baseline, immediate after action finished, 5 min and 10 min. Results: (Pulse pressure) Postural BP BP Test Discussions: Blood p ressure is a measurement of the force applied to the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped, and the size and flexibility of the arteries. Blood pressure is continually changing depending on activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture, physical state, and medication use. Blood pressure differentiates between diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure. Blood pressure is usually measured while you are seated with your arm resting on a table. Your arm should be slightly bent so that it is at the same level as your heart. The upper are should be bare, with your sleeve comfortably rolled up. The normal values which in adults, the ideal top number (systolic pressure) should be less than 120 mmHg. The bottom number (diastolic pressure) should be less than 80mmHg. Diastolic pressure also increases with age but rather less. Repeated measurements are important. A sin gle high measurement does not necessarily mean you have high blood pressure. On the other hand, a single normal measurement does not necessarily mean that you dont have high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings taken at home can provide important information. Many people become nervous while theyre blood pressure measurement and have higher readings. In experiment2, blood pressure measurements were taken in supine and standing positions for each team member. In order to obtain more accurate results and conclusions, we combined the results from the entire class (60 students). To better understand the results, we calculated the means of all the data for the standing and supine SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR. The experimentally collected mean values for each of these data points are similar to the normal values for a healthy individual and demonstrates a degree of accuracy in the data collected. When the means of the supine and standing are compared, it is apparent that the results of the standing readings are higher than the results from the supine readings. In comparison between the two positions, blood is pumped against gravity while standing. Gravity thus causes a higher blood pressure required to pump the blood to the upper part of the body from the lower extremities. Furthermore, we separated the class by gender, and calculated the mean values for both standing and supine SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR for males and females. We found that collectively, the means found for the females are generally lower than the class mean while the means of the males are generally higher than the class means. The results that were found coincided with the fact that men tend to have higher blood pressure than females. For the standing position, the heart rate values are higher than for supine, as is to be expected. To make these measurements, we employed the auscultatory method using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Through the use of these instruments, we measured the systoli c and diastolic pressures by listening for the Korotkoff sounds. Sitting which mean that in a resting individual the left ventricle of the heart pumps typically 5 litres of blood each minute into the aorta and arteries of the body. Downstream, the small arterioles restrict the outflow of blood from the arteries and are therefore known as the main resistance vessels. The combined effect of the energy generated by the heart and the outflow restriction results in a distending pressure in the arterial system which is referred to as the blood pressure. At rest, each time the heart contracts, it ejects typically 70 ml of blood into the arterial system. This causes a steep increase in arterial pressure, the magnitude of which is dependent both on the volume ejected and on the distensibility of the arteries. Older people have less distensible arteries, which explains why their systolic blood pressure is usually higher than in younger subjects. Because the shape of the arterial pressur e pulse is roughly triangular, the mean level of pressure is nearer to the diastolic value. The importance of blood pressure is that it effectively provides a store of energy. Foot-bathing generated by the heart, available to cause blood to flow through the working tissues. It is actually the flow of blood, providing oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products including carbon dioxide, which is really the important factor, but without pressure there would be no flow. Humans, being upright bipedal animals, have a particular problem in supplying blood to all parts of the body. Due just to gravity, pressure in arteries supplying the head is about 100 mm Hg less than that in arteries in the feet. The fact that the brain must have an adequate arterial pressure places a limitation on the range of effective pressures in the upright person. The 5-minute walk which we are immediately measured the blood pressure higher than the baseline. 5 minutes and 10 minutes after, we are measu red the blood pressure is lower than the baseline. Exercise, along with an active lifestyle, may decrease blood pressure. During exercise, your systolic blood pressure increases to improve blood flow, thus increasing available oxygen to the working muscles. Your blood vessels may also become more relaxed, or dilated, to allow for the increased blood flow. This may mean a slight lowering of your diastolic blood pressure. Right after exercise, your blood pressure is probably a little bit lower than before you started. This is a very positive response of the body. Regular exercise has been shown to result in a reduction in blood pressure for those who may be hypertensive. While this method of measurement is a useful diagnostic tool for determining blood pressure and the vascular health of an individual, there are various sources of error involved. One of the biggest sources of error is the inexperience of individuals in taking blood pressure readings. It is possible that individuals inaccurately measured results, and this can be attributed to many different factors, including background noise and technique. As a result of the excessive noise in the room, the Korotkoff sounds were difficult to hear. Also, there was only one size of cuff available, and in many cases, it was not the size needed to get an accurate reading on an individual. Cuffs that are either too short or too narrow inaccurately result in lower blood pressure readings. Measurements taken from the same arm less than five minutes apart and an incomplete deflation of the cuff in between these measurements could have had an effect on the results. It should be noted that every person in a group was asked to try and obtain a blood pressure reading, but in many cases, within the groups there was an inconsistency in the technique used. For the heart rate measurements, no explicit instructions were given about the technique to be used. While some individuals took their reading from the carotid artery, ot hers determined their radial pulse. Generally, a measurement from the carotid artery is more precise. Also, having the same person take the measurements would reduce the individual error involved. It would also be better to have each team take measurements in separate rooms so that excess noise from the large number of people would be reduced. Conclusions: Blood pressure, like all biological variables, varies widely in different people and, in the same individual, at different times of the day. Blood pressure is continually changing depending on activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture, physical state, and medication use. And then, we do different thing which has measured the different blood pressure. Therefore, if we were measured the high blood pressure, its not really had a high blood pressure. It is because it maybe affect by something such as running, walking, hot-drink, smoking. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Blood Pressure Measurement Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order